A few years ago Fabio da Luz taught me some Makefile tricks. This is an expansion on what he taught me (I added the output list and sort feature).

Using PYSCRIPT to Print Documentation

At the top of your Makefile, put in this code:

.DEFAULT_GOAL := help # Sets default action to be help

define PRINT_HELP_PYSCRIPT # start of Python section
import re, sys

output = []
# Loop through the lines in this file
for line in sys.stdin:
    # if the line has a command and a comment start with
    #   two pound signs, add it to the output
    match = re.match(r'^([a-zA-Z_-]+):.*?## (.*)$$', line)
    if match:
        target, help = match.groups()
        output.append("%-10s %s" % (target, help))
# Sort the output in alphanumeric order
output.sort()
# Print the help result
print('\n'.join(output))
endef
export PRINT_HELP_PYSCRIPT # End of python section

help:
    @python -c "$$PRINT_HELP_PYSCRIPT" < $(MAKEFILE_LIST)

Next, add concise docstrings for every Makefile command. Here's a trio of examples:

env:  ## Activate the virtual environment
	source venv/bin/activate

test: ## Runs the test suite 
	python manage.py test --thing=stuff

run:  ## Start the dev server
	python manage.py runserver    

Notice how each command's docstring starts with two pound signs? The "##"? That's what the auto documenter code needs to find the docstring.

Trying it out!

When I type just make without any arguments, by default that triggers the help function, which runs the Python script at the top of the makefile. What I get is this:

$ make
env             Activate the virtual environment
run             Start the dev server
test            Runs the test suite 

The results have been alphabetized, with comments displayed for each command. Very useful!

The Whole File

.DEFAULT_GOAL := help # Sets default action to be help

define PRINT_HELP_PYSCRIPT # start of Python section
import re, sys

output = []
# Loop through the lines in this file
for line in sys.stdin:
    # if the line has a command and a comment start with
    #   two pound signs, add it to the output
    match = re.match(r'^([a-zA-Z_-]+):.*?## (.*)$$', line)
    if match:
        target, help = match.groups()
        output.append("%-10s %s" % (target, help))
# Sort the output in alphanumeric order
output.sort()
# Print the help result
print('\n'.join(output))
endef
export PRINT_HELP_PYSCRIPT # End of python section

help:
	@python -c "$$PRINT_HELP_PYSCRIPT" < $(MAKEFILE_LIST)

env:  ## Activate the virtual environment
	source venv/bin/activate

test: ## Runs the test suite 
	python manage.py test --thing=stuff

run:  ## Start the dev server
	python manage.py runserver